AS 91364 Annotated exemplars

This annotated exemplar is intended for teacher use only. Annotated exemplars are extracts of student evidence, with commentary, that explain key parts of a standard. These help teachers make assessment judgements at the grade boundaries.

Download all exemplars and commentary [PDF, 63 MB]

TKI Technology assessment resources (external link)

For Excellence, the student needs to demonstrate comprehensive understanding of advanced concepts related to human factors in design.

This involves:

• discussing the relationship between anthropometric data, user preference and ergonomic fit in a product, system or environment
• discussing the customisation undertaken to address user preference and obtain ergonomic fit in a product, system or environment.

The student begins to discuss the relationship between anthropometric data, user preference and ergonomic fit in cutlery design (1) (2) (3). For example, the student discusses extension and flexion of the wrist, and how handle design could minimise excessive movement (2). These understandings are applied to determining the shape and dimensions for a whisk handle (4) that the student is designing.

Discussions are also beginning to appear on customisation, and on utilising feedback from user trials to ensure the best appearance and shape (form versus function) (5) (6) (7).

For a more secure Excellence, the student could show more evidence of discussing advantages and disadvantages of data collection methods. For example, they could discuss the implications of relying on anthropometric data tables for a predicted user group. They could also discuss the positive and negative effects of customisation and the possible need for adjustability to ensure the best fit.

For Merit, the student needs to demonstrate in-depth understanding of advanced concepts related to human factors in design.

This involves:

• explaining how anthropometric data is gathered and ergonomic aids are used when designing a product, system or environment
• explaining how customisation is undertaken to address user preference and enable the ergonomic fit of a product, system or environment.

The student clearly explains how anthropometric data is gathered in general (1), and how it is gathered for hand sizes (2). They explain how this data is used to determine optimal measurements when designing cutlery (3) (4) (5).

The student also explains how existing cutlery was used in user trials (ergonomic aids) to establish preference (3).

The student explains how customisation of the shape of the handle was needed to gain the best shape, size and volume to meet the needs of the widest possible user group (5).

To reach Excellence, the student needs to move from explaining to discussing. This might include comparing and contrasting different data gathering techniques and discussing the positive and negative effects of customisation on a target user group.

For Merit, the student needs to demonstrate in-depth understanding of advanced concepts related to human factors in design.

This involves:

• explaining how anthropometric data is gathered and ergonomic aids are used when designing a product, system or environment
• explaining how customisation is undertaken to address user preference and enable the ergonomic fit of a product, system or environment.

The student explains some anthropometric data gathering techniques (1). They explain how they used anthropometric data to determine optimal handle size for the design of a vegetable peeler (2).

The student explains the use of a functional model, user trials and a Likert scale (ergonomic aids) to address user preference and enable ergonomic fit, with specific reference to the design of their peeler (3) (4) (5).

For a more secure Merit, the student could explain in more detail how anthropometric data is gathered, and how ergonomic aids are used when designing a product.

For Achieved, the student needs to demonstrate understanding of advanced concepts related to human factors in design.

This involves:

• explaining how statistics and probability are used to establish guiding ratios for anthropometric data and how this and ergonomic aids are used
• explaining how customisation allows for user preference and enables ergonomic fit.

The student explains how data can be gathered by measuring the human body to establish ranges and guides for an optimal handle size and fit (1).

The student researches the precision grip and explains how this is used as an ergonomic aid to determine handle design and shape.

The student explains how customising the handle of a vegetable peeler makes it safer and more comfortable for a range of users (3) (4). This includes considering grip, muscle use, the finished surface, materials and size (2).

To reach Merit, the student could show more evidence of explaining how ergonomic aids (e.g. user trials, tests, prototyping) are used when designing a product such as a peeler.

For Achieved, the student needs to demonstrate understanding of advanced concepts related to human factors in design.

This involves:

• explaining how statistics and probability are used to establish guiding ratios for anthropometric data and how this and ergonomic aids are used
• explaining how customisation allows for user preference and enables ergonomic fit.

The student shows some evidence of explaining how different data sets are established from anthropometric measurements and how these determine percentile ranges (1).

The student shows research of the precision grip (ergonomic aid) and how this relates to handle design is also explained (1).

The prototyping and tests explain how customisation of handle design can allow for comfort and aesthetic appeal (2) (3). 

Trialing different handle shape possibilities (2) and prototyping (3) is undertaken in the process of customising for user preference and ergonomic fit.

For a more secure Achieved, the student’s explanation could include more about percentile ranges and how they are used to establish guiding ratios. The link between user groups, ergonomic fit and the customisation of a product should also be explained more clearly.

For Achieved, the student needs to demonstrate understanding of advanced concepts related to human factors in design.

This involves:

• explaining how statistics and probability are used to establish guiding ratios for anthropometric data and how this and ergonomic aids are used
• explaining how customisation allows for user preference and enables ergonomic fit.

The student explains how they will use anthropometric estimates of hand dimensions for British adults in the design of salad servers (1).

They also used the results of functional modelling to help determine grip, size etc (2) (3).  

To reach Achieved, the student could explain in more detail how the design of a product can be optimised for user preference and ergonomic fit through the analysis of anthropometric data and the use of ergonomic aids, and how this would affect adjustability of a product or an optimised one size fits all product.